摘要尽管基于抗程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）及其配体（PD-L1）的免疫检查点抑制剂治疗可显著改善晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的生存预后，但原发性和继发性耐药导致部分人群获益有限。抗PD-1/PD-L1治疗的耐药机制尤为复杂，且受多种因素影响。系统梳理PD-1/PD-L1免疫检查点抑制剂耐药机制的最新研究成果，可为优化非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗策略提供科学依据。

abstractsAlthough immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy based on anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) can significantly improve the survival prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, primary and secondary drug resistance result in limited benefits for some individuals. The resistance mechanism of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is particularly complex and is influenced by multiple factors. A systematic review of the latest research results on the resistance mechanism to PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors can provide scientific basis for optimizing the treatment strategy of non-small cell lung cancer patients.