摘要目的 对北京城市社区老年人认知能力和心理健康状况进行调查,为预防延缓空巢老人认知及情感障碍的发生提供参考.方法 于2011年1月至2012年9月在北京国旺社区等8个社区招募符合条件的老年被试者入组,被试均为右利手,自愿参与实验并签署知情同意书.共有被试者1067人,其中空巢老人组839人,非空巢老人组228人.通过一般人口学调查表、神经心理测验量表和精神状态量表对老年人的认知能力及心理健康进行调查.结果 空巢老人中高教育水平被试、婚姻状况良好的被试及男性被试者比例显著大于非空巢老人(T值/x2值分别为10.769、2.009、159.523,P＜0.05)；空巢老人与非空巢老人相比,总体认知能力无显著差异(F=5.541,P＞0.05),言语能力、工作记忆、注意执行能力以及生活总体感受、抑郁感方面有显著性差异(F值分别为7.203、4.436、8.806、5.541、5.578,P＜0.05).结论 空巢老人的认知能力和心理健康状况与非空巢老人相比均有所下降.

abstractsObjective To investigate the cognitive ability and mental health status of the empty-nest elderly people lived in urban area of Beijing.Methods We recruited subjects from 8 communities in Beijing.1067 people were investigated,including 839 empty-nest elderly subjects and 228 not empty-nest elderly subjects.We used demography questionnaire and mental health scale to assess the cognitive ability and mental health of these elders.Results The subjects in the empty-nest elderly having high education,well-condition marriage and being male were more than those in the other group (T or x2=10.769,2.009,159.523,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the global cognition between the two groups (F=5.541,P＞0.05).Among language ability,working memory,attention and executive function,the differences between these two groups were significant (F=7.203,4.436,8.806,P＜0.05).Compared with normal elderly subjects,empty-nest elderly subjects had higher scores in face scale and GDS scale (F=5.541,5.578,P＜0.05).Conclusion There are remarkable cognitive ability and mental health differences between empty-nest and not empty-nest elders.