摘要INTRODUCTIONOsteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common orthopedic diseases worldwide,1–2 with an approximately 26.6％ prevalence rate among people over 45 years old.3 The most prominent pathological changes of OA include articular cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, low-grade inflammation and subchondral bone remodeling.4–8 After initial mechanical erosion during aging, articular cartilage and synovium express a panel of proteolytic enzymes and proinflammatory factors that accelerate cartilage matrix degradation and OA progression.9–11 Early-stage OA patients can be treated by microfracture, osteochondral allograft transplantation, or biomaterial implantation,12–13 while late-stage OA patients can only be treated by replacement plastic surgeries.14 Pharmacological treatments such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and intra-articular glucocorticoid injection are recommended by most guidelines to relieve inflammation and pain.15–17 In contrast, the effectiveness of other drugs, such as glucosamine, chondroitin and hyaluronic acid, remains controversial.15–17 Therefore, drugs with higher efficacy for OA treatment are under intensive investigation.