摘要Reconstruction of irregular oral-maxillofacial bone defects with an inflammatory microenvironment remains a challenge,as chronic local inflammation can largely impair bone healing.Here,we used magnesium silicate nanospheres(MSNs)to load microRNA-146a-5p(miR-146a)to fabricate a nanobiomaterial,MSN+miR-146a,which showed synergistic promoting effects on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs).In addition,miR-146a exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs)under lipopolysaccharide(LPS)stimulation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway via targeting tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6),and MSNs could simultaneously promote M2 polarization of BMMs.MiR-146a was also found to inhibit osteoclast formation.Finally,the dual osteogenic-promoting and immunoregulatory effects of MSN+miR-146a were further validated in a stimulated infected mouse mandibular bone defect model via delivery by a photocuring hydrogel.Collectively,the MSN+miR-146a complex revealed good potential in treating inflammatory irregular oral-maxillofacial bone defects.