摘要Since the beginning of the 21st century,modern medical technology has advanced rapidly,and the cryomedicine has also seen significant progress.Notable developments include the application of cryomedicine in assisted reproduction and the cryopreservation of sperm,eggs and embryos,as well as the preservation of skin,fingers,and other isolated tissues.However,cryopreservation of large and complex tissues or organs remains highly challenging.In addition to the damage caused by the freezing and rewarming processes and the inherent complexity of tissues and organs,there is an urgent need to address issues related to damage detection and the investigation of injury mechanisms.It provides a retrospective analysis of existing methods for assessing tissue and organ viability.Although current techniques can detect damage to some extent,they tend to be relatively simple,time-consuming,and limited in their ability to provide timely and comprehensive assessments of viability.By summarizing and evaluating these approaches,our study aims to contribute to the improvement of viability detection methods and to promote further development in this critical area.