摘要Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α) is a transcription factor activated by ligand receptors and is a subfamily of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The PPAR subfamily consists of three subtypes: PPAR-α (NR1C1), PPAR-β/δ (NR1C2) and PPAR-γ (NR1C3). Among them, PPAR-α is the first discovered transcription factor and the main regulator of fatty acid oxidation homeostasis. Some natural and synthetic ligands can activate PPAR-α, and the activation of PPAR-α through its ligands can modify many of the cells in the cell. Biological processes, these processes are closely related to the energy metabolism mechanism of metabolic diseases, so it represents an important molecular target for the development of new drugs for the treatment of metabolic diseases. The following summarizes the latest progress of PPAR-α and energy metabolism in terms of the structure and distribution of PPAR-α, its role in different tissues, and its role in metabolic diseases, etc., providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.