摘要Objective: To detect the levels of TNF-α and NF-κB in serum and NF-κB in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with atrial fibrillation.To investigate the regularity and significance of its changes in patients with atrial fibrillation. Methods: Patients with atrial fibrillation hospitalized in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected, including paroxysmal AF group (PAF group, n=75) and non-paroxysmal AF group (nPAF group, n=60), and healthy subjects were selected as the control group (CON group, n=107). Routine examination and color doppler echocardiography were improved after admission. The expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κB in AF and CON groups were detected by ELISA. The expression of NF-κB in peripheral blood lymphocytes of AF and CON groups was detected by Western blot.To study the relationship between TNF-α, NF-κB and atrial fibrillation. Results: The levels of TNF-α and NF-κB in AF group were higher than those in CON group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). nPAF group was higher than PAF group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).The levels of TNF-α, NF-κB, LVEDD and LVEDV in PAF group were higher than those in CON group, but lower than those in nPAF group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of LVEF and FS in PAF group were lower than CON group, but higher than nPAF group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05).Pearson analysis showed that TNF-α, NF-κB were positively correlated with LVEDD and LVEDV in atrial fibrillation group compared with normal group (P<0.05), was negatively correlated with LVEF and FS (P<0.01).Conclusion: The levels of TNF-α and NF-κB in serum and NF-κB in peripheral blood lymphocytes were significantly increased in patients with atrial fibrillation. The occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation were related to NF-κB and TNF-α.