摘要目的 探究国人膝关节前外侧韧带(ALL)的解剖学特点,为临床膝关节ALL损伤的诊治及手术修复重建提供解剖学依据.方法 由山西医科大学解剖教研室提供的成人膝关节标本19具(膝周组织完好无破损、无畸形及手术外伤史),其中左膝关节9具、右膝关节10具.以膝前外侧为中心逐层解剖至关节囊层,寻找并观察ALL的起止点及走行等解剖学特点,测量并记录ALL的解剖数据,对ALL及其毗邻结构拍照记录,进行定性及定量描述.结果 19具膝关节标本中,17具发现ALL.ALL在中立0°位和屈曲60°并内旋5°位时的长度分别为(34.72±6.35) mm和(39.53±6.80) mm,在股骨侧止点、胫骨侧止点的宽度分别为(7.75±0.71)mm、(9.41±1.19)mm,在关节线处宽度为(6.79±1.01)mm.ALL整体是以宽扁样形态由后上向前下走行于膝关节前外侧缘,在关节线处的厚度为(1.21±0.20) mm;ALL在胫骨处以宽大的扇形结构止于外侧胫骨平台Gerdy结节与腓骨头连线中点偏上、距胫骨软骨缘的垂直距离为(11.62±1.32) mm,其胫骨侧止点距Gerdy结节的距离为(19.95±4.63) mm、距腓骨头的距离为(19.47±3.65) mm,Gerdy结节至腓骨头的距离是(33.82±4.69) mm.结论 ALL是一条位于膝关节前外侧关节囊外的独立非等长韧带结构,起于股骨外上髁的后上方,向前下走行,与外侧半月板体部相连,止于外侧胫骨平台前外部,对维持膝关节旋转稳定性发挥着一定的作用.

abstractsObjective To explore the anatomical features of the anterolateral ligament (ALL) in Chinese population,and to provide anatomic basis for the diagnosis and treatment of anterolateral ligament injury.Methods A total of 19 adult knee joint specimens were specially selected by the Department of Anatomy of Shanxi Medical University.All the knee joint tissues from 11 males and 8 females (including 9 left knee joints and 10 right knee joints) were intact without damage,deformity and surgical trauma history.The anterior aspect of the knee joint was used as an operation center to find and observe the anatomical features of ALL,such as the starting and stopping points and traveling,etc.ALL and its adjacent structures were photographed and measured,and the research results were recorded for ualitative and quantitative description.Results In 19 cases of knee joint specimens,anterolateral ligament specimens were found in 17 cases.The lengths of ALL in the neutral 0°position and the flexion 60°with internal rotation 5°position were (34.72 ± 6.35) mm and (39.53 ± 6.80) mm.The widths of ALL at the femoral attachment 、the tibial attachment and joint line were (7.75 ± 0.81) mm,(9.41 ± 1.19) mm and (6.79 ± 1.01) mm.The ALL as a whole was a wide flat shape from the posterior superior to the anterior lateral edge of the knee joint,with a thickness of (1.21 ± 0.20) mm at the joint line.The tibial attachment was located above the midpoint of Gerdy's tubercle and the fibular head,and the vertical distance to the tibial cartilage margin was (11.62 ± 1.32) mm.The distances from the tibial attachment to the Gerdy's tubercle and the fibular head were (19.95 ±4.63) mm,(19.47 ± 3.65) mm.The distance from the Gerdy's tubercle to the fibular head was (33.82 ± 4.69) mm.Conclusions ALL is an independent non-equal length ligament structure located outside the anterior and posterior joint capsule of the knee joint.It starts from the posterior superior part of the lateral epicondyle and travels forward and downward.It connects with the lateral meniscus body and ends above the midpoint of the Gerdy's tubercle and the fibular head.ALL plays a certain role in maintaining the rotational stability of the knee joint.