摘要目的:总结颅内外沟通性静脉主要通道的结构功能和临床意义的相关研究进展。方法:以"vertebral venous plexus" "pterygoid venous plexus" "emissary vein" "diploic venous" "extracranial venous outflow"以及"椎静脉丛" "翼丛" "导静脉" "板障静脉" "颅外静脉引流"为关键词，在PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据等数据库中检索1957年1月—2019年1月国内外有关颅内外沟通性静脉通道研究的文献，对该通道主要的结构功能及临床意义进行总结分析。结果:共检索到文献518篇，按纳入标准和排除标准，最终纳入35篇英文文献。导静脉、板障静脉、静脉丛相互沟通并与颅内静脉窦沟通，形成颅内颅外静脉广泛的吻合交通。利用MR、CT等成像技术可明确病变与这些颅内外沟通性静脉通道之间的解剖关系，这对经鼻内镜颅底手术及神经介入手术具有重要价值。这些静脉通道还参与了颅内压调节，并可能与多发性硬化、老年痴呆等神经系统疾病有关。结论:了解颅内外静脉主要通道的结构功能及其与颅内病灶之间的关系，对于经鼻内镜颅底手术及神经介入治疗具有重要价值。颅内外静脉通道相对于颅内外动脉通道要复杂得多，其生理及血流动力学特点还需要进一步研究。

abstractsObjective:To summarize the research progress on the structure, function, and clinical significance of the main anastomoses of intra- and extracranial veins.Methods:The key words "vertebral venous plexus" "pterygoid venous plexus" "emissary vein" "diploic venous" "extracranial venous outflow" "椎静脉丛" "翼丛" "导静脉" "板障静脉" and "颅外静脉引流" were used to identify articles discussing the anastomoses of intra- and extracranial veins from PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, Wanfang databases from January 1957 to January 2019.Results were summarized and analyzed.Results:A total of 518 studies from the literature are searched, and 35 articles are finally included in accordance with the inclusion and the exclusion criteria. The venous plexus, emissary vein, and diploic venous communicate with one another and with the venous sinus to form the extensive anastomoses of intra- and extracranial veins. MRI, CT, and other imaging techniques are used to clarify the anatomical relationship between lesions and these intra- and extracranial venous anastomoses, and these techniques are of great value for transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery and endovascular therapy. These channels are also involved in intracranial pressure regulation and may be associated with neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.Conclusions:Understanding the structure and function and of the main anastomoses of intra- and extracranial veins the relationship between intracranial lesions and these venous channels is of great value for the endoscopic surgery of the skull base and endovascular therapy. The anastomoses of intra- and extracranial veins are more complex than arterial anastomoses. Further research is needed to clarify the physiological and hemodynamic characteristics of these channels.