摘要目的:探讨腓肠神经的应用解剖及其在相关手术入路中的损伤风险。方法:以"腓肠神经""解剖""手术入路"和"sural nerve""anatomy""surgical approaches"为中英文关键词，在中国知网、万方数据、SinoMed、PubMed等中英文数据库检索2000年1月—2019年7月间有关腓肠神经临床应用解剖的文献，检索到文献999篇，剔除内容不符合、无法获取原文、重复性研究或存在设计缺陷的文献，最终纳入34篇。总结腓肠神经应用解剖研究成果，重点阐述踝关节骨折的后外侧入路和跟骨骨折的L型入路、跗骨窦入路，以及第五跖骨基底部骨折入路等4种手术入路与腓肠神经的解剖学关系。结果:研究显示，腓肠神经在解剖学上变异类型众多，其走行区域与踝关节骨折的后外侧入路、跟骨骨折的L型入路和跗骨窦入路、第五跖骨基底部骨折入路4种手术入路的关系十分密切。结论:术前正确掌握腓肠神经的解剖特点，对足踝骨折手术入路选择以及减少手术中腓肠神经损伤风险至关重要。

abstractsObjective:To explore the applied anatomy of sural nerve and the risk of injury in the related operative approach.Methods:Using "腓肠神经" "解剖" "手术入路" and "sural nerve" "anatomy" "surgical opproaches" as the key words to identify the articles about the clinical applied anatomy of sural nerve in CNKI Data, WangFang Data, SinoMed and PubMed Data from January 2000 to July 2019. We searched the literatures related to the anatomy of the sural nerve, the posterior lateral approach of the ankle fracture, the L-shaped approach to the calcaneal fracture, the sacral sinus approach to the calcaneal fracture, and the fifth humeral basal fracture approach. Then we summarized the anatomical relationship between the four surgical approaches and the sural nerve.Results:A total of 999 literatures were seached, and 34 literatures were finally included after excluding the literatures that did not conform to the content, could not obtain the full text, repeated studies or which had design defects. The sural nerve has many types of anatomical variations, and its walking area is closely related to the four surgical approaches: the posterior lateral approach of the ankle fracture, the L-shaped approach to the calcaneal fracture, the sacral sinus approach to the calcaneal fracture, and the fifth humeral basal fracture approach.Conclusions:Properly mastering of the anatomical characteristics of the sural nerve before surgery is very important to the choice of surgical approach for foot and ankle fractures and to reducing the risk of sural nerve injury during surgery.