摘要灾难作为创伤件的事件,往往与日常的认知结构相冲突,超过了个体的心理应对水平.因此,灾难中的个体常常会并发一系列的心理学反应,并可能继发各种精神疾患,尤其是创伤相关精神障碍,如急性应激障碍和创伤后应激障碍.本文作者从灾难急救医学的视角,对2008年发生在我国的"5·12"汶川地震的两个心理学研究进行了总结.结果 显示,在"5·12"汶川地震发生后超过一半的个体存在焦虑-警觉性增高症状,12.59%的灾区群众在地震发生后一月内发生急性应激障碍.地震后5个月,采用复合性国际诊断问卷(Comprehensive International diagnostic Interview,CIDI)对灾区群众的的调查结果显示,有21.29%的灾区成人和10.21%的青少年学生存在创伤后应激障碍."5.12"汶川地震对灾区群众的心理已造成严重的心理影响,作为灾难急救医学的相关人员应充分认识到灾难急救中的相关心理学问题.同时结果提示,长期的心理卫生服务应该成为四川地震重建规划中重要的内容之一.

abstractsDisasters are traumatic events that are always incongruent with our existing cognitive structures. Immediate negative psychological impact and traumatic related psychiatric disorders are popular among survivals involving the disasters. Super-half of survivals involving the "5" 12" Wenchuan earthquake experienced the symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal. 12.59% of survivals were met with the ASD diagnosis. 21.29% of adults and 10.21% of adolescents were met with the PTSD diagnosis 5 months after the major earthquake. Immediately negative psychological impact and high prevalence of traumatic related psychiatric disorders among survivals were confirmed.More effort should be paid on the disaster related patients in emergency department with psychiatric issues. Also, the long-term psychological service is necessary for Sichuan Pest-Disaster Reconstruction Projects.