摘要目的:回顾总结载人航天史上曾经发生的主要问题以及我国自2003年神舟五号首次载人航天任务以来主着陆场航天员医疗保障的经验，重点分析自神舟十二号开始的空间站建造期间的技术状态和返回特点，制定有针对性的伤病救治预案，确保航天员安全。方法:总结国外航天史上航天员发生意外伤害的教训，尤其是空间站阶段，结合我国载人航天的航天员医疗保障经验，针对空间站任务飞船在轨时间长、主着陆场调整的任务特点，提出系列的组织、预案以及救治方案。结果:在原有舱前急救、直升机ICU综合救护平台的基础上，进一步优化了急救程序，制定了不同复杂地形情况下的救治预案及航天员的快速救治和后送原则。结论:空间站任务医疗救护的综合救援方案、直升机救护平台的构建以及组织实施，可以保障空间站任务航天员各种情况返回的有效救治。

abstractsObjective:To review and summarize the main problems that have occurred in the history of manned spaceflight worldwide and the experience of the medical rescue support for astronauts at the main landing site since the first manned spaceflight mission of the Shenzhou-5 in China in 2003, focus on the technical status and return characteristics during the construction of the space station since the Shenzhou-12, and formulate a targeted injury treatment plan to ensure the safety of astronauts.Methods:This article summarized the lessons of accidental injuries of astronauts in foreign aerospace history, especially in the space station stage, combined with the experience of medical support of astronauts in manned spaceflight in China, and put forward a series of organizations, plans and treatments according to the mission characteristics of long-term orbits and adjustments of the main landing sites of space station mission spacecraft.Results:On the basis of the original pre-cabin emergency and helicopter ICU comprehensive rescue platform, the emergency procedures were further optimized, and the treatment plans under different complex terrains and the principles of rapid treatment and evacuation of astronauts were formulated.Conclusions:The effective treatment of astronauts returning from the space station in various situations could be ensured by the comprehensive rescue plan for the medical rescue of the space station mission and the construction and organization of the helicopter rescue platform.