摘要Background Atrial fibrillation(AF)and hypertension are closely related,with hypertension being a significant risk factor for the development of AF.The aim of this study was to investigate the gender differences in the effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)on blood pressure regulation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrilla-tion(PAF)and primary hypertension.Methods This prospective cohort study included 65 patients(44 males,21 females)with PAF and primary hypertension who underwent RFCA.Blood pressure was measured preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively using 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.Changes in blood pressure parameters were compared between male and female patients.Results Significant gender differences were ob-served in 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure(24h SBP)and daytime mean systolic blood pressure(dSBP).In male patients,24h SBP decreased by 5.16 mmHg,and dSBP decreased by 4.30 mmHg,while female patients showed minimal changes,with a decrease of 1.44 mmHg in 24h SBP and 0.39 mmHg in dSBP.These changes were significantly different between genders(P<0.001 for 24h SBP and P=0.005 for dSBP).No significant differences were found between males and females in other blood pressure parameters(P>0.05).Conclusions RFCA signifi-cantly improved blood pressure control in male patients with PAF and primary hypertension,with more pronounced reductions in 24h SBP and dSBP compared to female patients.These findings suggested that gender may influence the effectiveness of RFCA in managing blood pressure in this population,underscoring the importance of consider-ing gender when planning treatment strategies.[S Chin J Cardiol 2025;26(1):1-8]