摘要BACKGROUND Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) may increase the risk of future intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. However, It is unclear whether antiplatelet medication is associated with CMBs. This study aimed to investigate the association between antiplatelet medication and CMBs in a community-based stroke-free population. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, stroke-free participants aged 18–85 years were recruited from a community in Beijing, China. Demographic, clinical, and antiplatelet medication data were collected through a questionnaire, and all participants under-went blood tests and brain magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T. The presence, count, and location of CMBs were evaluated using susceptibility-weighted imaging. The association between antiplatelet medication and the presence of CMBs was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The associations between antiplatelet medication and CMBs by location (lobar, deep brain or in-fratentorial, and mixed regions) were also analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. A linear regression analysis was con-ducted to determine the association between antiplatelet medication and the log-transformed number of CMBs. RESULTS Of the 544 participants (mean age: 58.65 ± 13.66 years, 217 males), 119 participants (21.88％) had CMBs, and 64 parti-cipants (11.76％) used antiplatelet medication. Antiplatelet medication was found to be associated with CMBs at any location [odds ratio (OR) = 2.39, 95％ CI: 1.24–4.58] and lobar region (OR = 2.83, 95％ CI: 1.36–5.86), but not with the number of CMBs (β = 0.14, 95％ CI: -0.21–0.48). Among antiplatelet medications, aspirin use was found to be associated with any CMB (OR = 3.17, 95％ CI: 1.49–6.72) and lobar CMBs (OR = 3.61, 95％ CI: 1.57–8.26). CONCLUSIONS Antiplatelet medication was associated with CMBs in stroke-free participants, particularly lobar CMBs. Among antiplatelet medications, aspirin use was associated with any CMB and lobar CMBs. Our findings suggest that it might be essent-ial to optimize the management of antiplatelet medication in the stroke-free population with a higher burden of vascular risk fac-tors to reduce the potential risk of CMBs.