摘要Background Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)is a common disease among children;it affected 5-7％of the population in 2015.ADHD is a multifactorial disease,and its etiology is still not clearly understood.Data Sources This narrative review has been done by searching the PubMed and Embase databases using attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,ADHD,risk factors;genetics;pediatrics;psychiatrics as keywords.Results ADHD is considered to be a hereditary disorder in which genes play the fundamental role in the pathogenesis;however,findings from genetic-environmental studies support the hypothesis that genetic factors can exert effects on an indi-vidual's condition by determining his/her responses to environmental exposures,especially those during the prenatal stage.Conclusion ADHD is considered as a hereditary disorder in which genes and prenatal risk factors play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis.