摘要Owing to the increasing prevalence and severity of obesity in childhood and adolescence,the incidence and prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in children and adolescents are increasing worldwide.However,the inci-dence of clinically diagnosed pediatric T2DM remains low,representing the"tip of the iceberg".A long asymptomatic period of diabetes,a lack of awareness of risk factors,and a shortage of mass screening instruments result in the under-diagnosis of T2DM,especially in children.Compared with adult T2DM and type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)patients,pediatric T2DM patients have a more aggressive phenotype and a greater risk of morbidity,increasing the clinical and eco-nomic burden.Here,we discuss the prevalence of pediatric T2DM and prediabetes,with a focus on undiagnosed T2DM.We also discuss potential screening tools that may aid in pedi-atric T2DM identification.