摘要This paper reviewed the population ecology and systematic researches using molecular markers and cytological methods in mangrove plants and looked forward to the further prospects of molecular ecology in mangrove conservation and management according to the research references in these fields: The molecular evolutionary evidence of some species in Rhizophoraceae using ITS,matK rbcL sequencing conformed to the morphological systematic relationship with much earlier differentiation time than that from fossil records.The mangrove species populations based on isoenzyme and RAPD analyses showed that the lower genetic diversity and higher differentiation in those pan-distributed species populations dealing with the continental drift.This indicated that the relatively fragile ecosystem of mangrove needed to be protected urgently from more human activities.