摘要L-Tryptophan,an essential aromatic amino acid,is widely used in the pharmaceutical and food industries owing to its distinctive indole ring structure,which is unique among proteinogenic amino acids.Moreover,structurally modified derivatives of L-tryptophan have drawn considerable attention from researchers due to their improved functional properties.Recently,microbial synthesis has emerged as an environmentally sustainable approach for producing L-tryptophan and its derivatives.While significant progress has been made in optimizing biosynthetic pathways,several key bottlenecks remain.This review surveys recent optimizations that increase microbial L-tryptophan titers and the resulting engineered strains for their high-value derivatives.Moreover,transformative opportunities for advancing L-tryptophan derivatives production,offered by the rapid evolution of synthetic biology,are discussed.