摘要The growth plate(GP)is a crucial tissue involved in skeleton development via endochondral ossification(EO).The bone organoid is a potential research model capable of simulating the physiological function,spatial structure,and intercellular communication of native GPs.However,mimicking the EO process remains a key challenge for bone organoid research.To simulate this orderly mineralization process,we designed an in vitro shCav3.3 ATDC5-loaded gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel model and evaluated its bioprintability for future organoid construction.In this paper,we report the first demonstration that the T-type voltage-dependent calcium channel(T-VDCC)subtype Cav3.3 is dominantly expressed in chondrocytes and is negatively correlated with the hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocytes during the EO process.Furthermore,Cav3.3 knockdown chondrocytes loaded with the GelMA hydrogel successfully captured the EO process and provide a bioink capable of constructing layered and orderly mineralized GP organoids in the future.The results of this study could therefore provide a potential target for regulating the EO process and a novel strategy for simulating it in bone organoids.