摘要Neuroinflammation is the primary driver and signature of many neurodevelopmental disorders.However,because neurode-velopmental disorders caused by neuroinflammation are difficult to detect at the early stage,their progression remains un-clear.To date,neither animal experiments nor in vitro models have uncovered their early developmental characteristics caused by neuroinflammation.In this study,we developed a neurovascular-unit-on-a-chip(NVU-on-a-chip)to model inflammation-induced neurodevelopmental disorders.With the chip,dynamic visualization of the progression caused by neu-roinflammation was clearly demonstrated,and the changes in angiogenesis and neural differentiation under neuroinflamma-tion were replicated.In addition,the activation of astrocytes and damage to neurons and capillaries at the early stage of neu-rodevelopmental disorders were observed.The results revealed for the first time the structural disruption of the neurovascular units and the neurovascular coupling failure caused by neuroinflammation.Furthermore,the outcomes of anti-inflammatory intervention using ibuprofen were preliminarily demonstrated.This work provides insights into the early progression of neu-rodevelopmental disorders caused by neuroinflammation and offers a platform for the development of therapeutic strategies for neuroinflammation.