摘要The esophagus is a tubular organ essential for maintaining normal eating function in humans.However,the replacement of the esophagus remains challenging in clinical settings.Although tissue engineering scaffolds are a promising alternative solu-tion,their fabrication is difficult due to the complex structure and function of the esophagus.This review describes the exist-ing fabrication methods for esophageal tubular scaffolds,including decellularization,casting,electrospinning,three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting,and pin-frogging.Also discussed are the stimulation cues of the fabricated esophageal tubular scaffold that induce esophageal muscle and epithelial cells.Finally,this review emphasizes three important concerns for esophageal tubular scaffolds:leakage and porosity,elasticity and proliferation of smooth muscle cells,and biocompatibility and structural fidelity of biomaterials.