摘要Amino acid non-centrosymmetric self-assemblies,possessing inherent polarization as well as biocompatibility,can be em-ployed as bioinspired alternatives for the development of implantable piezoelectric bioelectronics.This could enable the har-vesting of biomechanical energy for in situ in vivo monitoring and avoid the need for secondary surgeries,potentially over-coming the trade-off between high-efficiency sensing and the biosafety limitations of traditional inorganic or polymeric piezoelectric counterparts.In this regard,the electromechanical coupling behaviors of the minimalistic metabolite self-assemblies are reported.Experimental tests reveal that compared to other natural amino acid crystals,threonine(T)crystals exhibit a high Young's modulus of up to approximately 80 GPa by forming a denser three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network,with each molecule interacting with seven adjacent ones.Computational analysis reveals that side-chain entities dra-matically affect crystal packing,with polar hydroxyl moieties accounting for the distinct piezoelectric features underlying the macroscopic performance.This highlights the potential of exploiting T crystals to develop biodegradable piezoelectric bio-electronics that exhibit highly sensitive linear responses for tactile sensing and post-implantation in vivo motion monitoring.This study demonstrates the feasibility of exploiting minimalistic metabolite self-assemblies for piezoelectric bioelectronics in bio-machine interface and biomedical engineering applications.