摘要目的 通过对儿童欺负、被欺负状况调查,研究儿童欺负/被欺负事件的发生特点,探讨不同欺负类型的儿童(欺负者、被欺负者、欺负/被欺负者、非卷入者)对于被欺负现象的内隐态度.方法 采用整体分层抽样的方法从河南省3所普通小学抽取1 100例小学生,用儿童欺负问卷(小学版)对其施测,并抽取78例欺负事件卷入者(其中包括30例欺负者、18例被欺负者及30例欺负/被欺负者)及29例非卷入者,施以内隐联想测验(IAT).结果 (1)1 029例有效被试中,欺负者74例,被欺负者121例,欺负/被欺负者101例,合计296例,约28.8％(296/1 029例)的儿童卷入到欺负事件中.(2)从总体上看,被试在IAT中的相容任务反应时(1 324.083±458.373) ms和不相容任务反应时(1 463.963±501.254) ms比较差异有统计学意义(-3.063,P ＜0.01).(3)不同类型儿童中,欺负/被欺负者在IAT中的相容任务反应时(1 237.838 ±449.731) ms与不相容任务反应时(1 428.754±539.634) ms比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.301,P＜0.05);非卷入者在IAT中的相容任务反应时(1 512.389±557.354) ms与不相容任务反应时(1 777.404±441.373) ms比较,差异有统计学意义(t =3.129,P＜0.01).(4)欺负者在IAT中的相容任务反应时(1 304.007±400.530) ms与不相容任务反应时(1 287.236±405.017) ms比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.308,P＞0.05);被欺负者在IAT中的相容任务反应时(1 178.900±280.539) ms与不相容任务反应时(1 292.635±467.531) ms比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.821,P＞0.05).结论 儿童总体上对被欺负现象持否定态度,即认为被别人欺负是不好的;非卷入者和欺负/被欺负者对被欺负现象更多地持否定态度.

abstractsObjective To investigate the characteristics of the occurrence of bully/victim incidents among children and to explore children's implicit attitudes towards the phenomenon of being bullied.These children were grouped into 4 types,which were the bully children,the victim children,the bully/victim children and the non-involved children,respectively.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract 1 100 pupils from 3 primary schools in Henan area.The 1 100 children were investigated with bully/victim questionnaire (pupil version).Among them,78 children who were involved in bullying(including 30 bully children,18 victim children and 30 bully/victim children) and 29 non-involved children were selected and investigated with implicit association test(IAT).Results 1.Among all the 1 029 effective participants,74 were the bully children,121 were the victim children and 101 were the bully/victim children.The total number of those were in bullying amounted to 296,which meant that about 28.8％ (296/1 029 cases) children were involved in the issue of bullying.2.In general,the subjects showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time (1 324.083 ± 458.373) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 463.963 ± 501.254) ms in IAT (t =3.063,P ＜ 0.01).3.Among the 4 types of children,bully/victim children showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time(1 237.838 ±449.731) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 428.754 ± 539.634) ms in IAT (t =2.301,P ＜ 0.05).Non-involved children also showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time (1 512.389 ± 557.354) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 777.404 ± 441.373) ms in IAT(t =3.129,P ＜ 0.01).4.Bully children didn't show obvious differences between compatible task reaction time (1 304.007 ± 400.530) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 287.236-± 405.017)ms in IAT (t =0.308,P ＞ 0.05).Victim children didn't show obvious differences between compatible task reaction time (1 178.900 ± 280.539) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 292.635 ± 467.531) ms in IAT (t =0.821,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Children's implicit attitudes towards being bullied are negative,considering it as not good.Non-involved children and bully/victim children show more negative implicit attitudes towards being bullied.