摘要毛细支气管炎是2岁以下儿童最常见的下呼吸道感染性疾病,最常见的病因为病毒感染,其中呼吸道合胞病毒是最常见的病原体.病理基础为细支气管急性炎症、黏膜水肿、上皮细胞坏死和黏性分泌物增多.诊断主要依据患儿的病史和体格检查,并应进行病情严重程度评估及分析发展为重症病例的潜在危险因素.治疗以对症支持为主,持续正压通气治疗重症病例已得到认可和重视.高危儿童可预防性使用帕利珠单抗,其他预防措施包括手卫生、减少烟草暴露和坚持母乳喂养.

abstractsBronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract disease in infants younger than 2 years of age.Many viruses can cause bronchiolitis,however,respiratory syncytial virus is most common etiology.The pathological characters are acute inflammation,edema,necrosis of epithelial cells and mucus productions increased.Diaguosis of bronchiolitis is based on clinical signs and symptoms and a thorough history and physical exam.The disease severity and risk factors for severe disease need to be assessed.The treatment of bronchiolitis has been largely supportive.Continuous positive airway pressure treatment has been accepted for severe cases.Palivizumab prophylaxis is probable in high risk infants.Hand hygiene,decreasing tobacco smoke and breastfeeding are considered as efficient preventive methods.