摘要目的 探讨儿童额骨、前颅窝底粉碎性凹陷性骨折的Ⅰ期重建手术方法及效果.方法 回顾性分析13例Ⅰ期手术重建额骨、前颅窝底粉碎性凹陷性骨折患儿的临床资料.其中男8例,女5例;年龄4~14岁,平均8岁.入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS):3~8分2例,9~11分4例,12~15分7例.所有患儿术中均行Ⅰ期额骨、前颅窝底的骨性及带血管蒂膜性重建,其中对颅底骨缺损直径>1 cm的4例患儿用"骨膜-碎骨片-骨膜"修补骨缺损,术后综合治疗.出院后定期随访.结果 出院时GCS:3~8分1例,9~11分2例,12~15分10例,与入院时比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.02,P>0.05).11例患儿在术后当天出现鼻腔流血情况,持续时间均未超过48 h,全组患儿无颅内感染及脑脊液漏.出院时患儿外观满意,无显著额部塌陷或外凸.术后CT提示颅腔容积正常,骨折复位良好,脑内无碎骨片残留,血肿清除满意,眶内容物无受压.随访3个月~6年,全组患儿无脑脊液漏或切口愈合不良,无脑脓肿、黏液囊肿及其他并发症,外观满意.结论 儿童额骨、前颅窝底粉碎性凹陷性骨折Ⅰ期手术可取得较好预后,有效减少并发症,避免二次手术,术后应定期随访,对于有条件的患儿及医疗单位值得开展.

abstractsObjective To explore the surgical techniques and effects of one-stage reconstruction surgery for pediatric comminuted and depressed fractures of frontal bone and anterior skull base.Methods The clinical data of 13 pediatric cases with one-stage reconstruction surgery for comminuted and depressed fractures of the frontal bone and anterior skull base were reviewed retrospectively,including 8 male and 5 female,aged from 4 to 14 years,with a mean age of 8 years.Admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was as follows:3 to 8 scores in 2 cases,9 to 11 scores in 4 cases,and 12 to 15 scores in 7 cases.The intraoperative one-stage osseous and vascular pedicle membranous reconstruction of frontal bone and anterior skull base had been performed in all patients.The "periosteum-bone fragments-periosteum" had been used in 4 cases whose bony defect diameter of anterior cranial fossa was over 1 cm,multimodality therapy were carried out postoperatively.The follow-ups were regularly executed after discharge.Results GCS at discharge was as follows:3 to 8 scores in 1 case,9 to 11 scores in 2 cases,and 12 to 15 scores in 10 cases.No significant difference was found in GCS between those on admission and at discharge(χ2=3.02,P>0.05).Eleven cases had a phenomenon of nasal hemorrhage and the duration was not exceeding 48 hours.No intracranial infection and cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in all patients.All patients received an acceptable appearance without obvious frontal depre-ssion or proptosis.Postoperative computed tomography image showed normal cranial volume,well reset of fracture pieces,no fracture pieces existing in intracerebral tissue,satisfactory hematoma evacuation,and orbital contents without compression.The complications like cerebrospinal fluid leakage,poor incision healing,brain abscess or mucous cyst had not been found in all patients from 3 months to 6 years follow-up period.Conclusions The one-stage reconstruction surgery for pediatric comminuted and depressed fractures of frontal bone and anterior skull base suggests a better prognosis,effectively less complications,which helps to avoid secondary surgery,but regular follow-ups are absolutely necessary.This procedure is worth applying and spreading to pediatric patients and medical institutions if necessary.