摘要目的:对比分析高危孤独症谱系障碍(HR-ASD)婴幼儿与正常发育(TD)婴幼儿探索性行为的差异，并探讨其与ASD症状严重程度的关系。方法:回顾性选取2019年1月至2020年8月在南京医科大学附属脑科医院儿童门诊就诊的31例6~23月龄HR-ASD婴幼儿为HR-ASD组及南京地区年龄、性别相匹配的TD婴幼儿37例为对照组(TD组)，采用《Gesell发育量表》评价2组发育水平，并在自由游戏情境下测量探索性行为的深度及广度。使用《孤独症诊断观察量表》(ADOS)评估HR-ASD组的症状严重程度，采用独立样本 t检验及 χ2检验分析2组间探索性行为的差异；采用 Pearson相关分析探讨HR-ASD组探索性行为与症状严重程度之间的相关性；采用二元 Logistic回归分析探索性行为在鉴别2组中的区分效能。 结果:与TD组相比，HR-ASD组的探索性行为的深度及广度显著降低(55.06±25.73比132.78±44.69、4.42±2.20比8.78±3.28)，差异均有统计学意义( t＝-8.95、-6.53，均 P<0.01)；非典型探索性行为及回避退缩性行为显著增加[18例(58.06%)比6例(16.22%)、10例(32.26%)比3例(8.11%)]，差异均有统计学意义( χ2＝15.30、6.36，均 P<0.05)。HR-ASD组内的物体探索、环境探索、社会探索的频率和时长差异均有统计学意义(3比0比0、45比0比0)(均 P<0.01)。 Pearson相关分析显示，HR-ASD组物体探索性行为的频率与ADOS游戏维度呈正相关( r＝0.40， P<0.05)；物体探索性行为的持续时间、物体探索性行为的复杂性及探索性行为的深度与CARS分数呈负相关( r＝-0.45、-0.47、-0.42，均 P<0.05)；探索性行为的深度与ADOS刻板维度呈负相关( r＝-0.40， P<0.05)。二元 Logistic回归分析显示，探索性行为的深度具有区分效能( P<0.01)。 结论:HR-ASD婴幼儿探索性行为的多种特征存在异常，特别是探索性行为的深度具有区分效能，可作为ASD早期筛查的候选行为学指标。

abstractsObjective:To compare the differences in exploratory behaviors between infants with high-risk autism spectrum disorder (HR-ASD) and normal development (TD) infants, and to explore the relationship between exploratory behaviors and the severity of ASD symptoms.Methods:A total of 31 infants aged 6-23 months with HR-ASD in the Pediatric Clinic, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2019 to August 2020 were retrospectively recruited in the HR-ASD group, and 37 TD infants aged from 6 to 23 months in Nanjing were selected as the TD group.The development level of the 2 groups was evaluated by Gesell development scale, and the depth and breadth of exploratory behaviors were measured in free play.Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) was used to evaluate the severity of ASD symptoms in HR-ASD group.Differences in exploratory behaviors between the 2 groups were analyzed by the independent sample t-test and Chi- square test. Pearson′ s correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlation between exploratory behaviors and symptom severity in HR-ASD group.Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the discrimination efficiency of sexual behavior in the 2 groups. Results:Compared with TD group, the depth and breadth of exploratory behaviors in HR-ASD group were significantly lower (55.06±25.73 vs.132.78±44.69, 4.42±2.20 vs.8.78±3.28)( t=-8.95, -6.53, all P<0.01), and atypical exploratory behavior and avoidance withdrawal behavior were significantly worse [18 cases(58.06%) vs.6 cases(16.22%), 10 cases(32.26%) vs.3 cases(8.11%)]( χ2=15.30, 6.36, all P<0.05). Significant differences in the frequency and duration of object exploration, environmental exploration and social exploration were detected between HR-ASD group and TD group (3 vs. 0 vs. 0, 45 vs. 0 vs. 0)(all P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis showed that, the frequency of object exploratory behavior was positively correlated with the dimension of ADOS in HR-AD group ( r=0.40, P<0.05); while the duration of object exploratory behavior, the complexity of object explo-ratory behavior and the depth of exploratory behavior were negatively correlated with CARS score ( r=-0.45, -0.47, -0.42, all P<0.05). The depth of exploratory behavior was negatively correlated with the stereotyped dimension of ADOS ( r=-0.40, P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the depth of exploratory behavior had a discrimination effect ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The characteristics of exploratory behaviors in HR-ASD infants are abnormal, especially the distinguishing effect on the depth of exploratory behaviors, which can be used as a candidate behavioral index for early screening of ASD.