摘要目的:探讨伴品行行为问题的注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童父母养育方式特点。方法:本研究采用横断面研究，研究对象为2017年9月至2019年12月就诊于深圳市儿童医院儿童保健与心理健康中心门诊，伴品行行为问题的ADHD患儿84例，不伴品行行为问题的ADHD患儿75例，及健康对照儿童(深圳市普通中小学的健康儿童)54例。采用父母养育方式评定量表(EMBU)分别评估父亲和母亲教育方式特点。使用协方差分析首先对EMBU各因子得分在3组间进行比较，对3组间差异有统计学意义的因子进一步采用Tukey法进行两两比较，相关检验均对年龄、性别进行校正。结果:EMBU量表各因子得分中，伴品行行为问题的ADHD组患儿在父亲及母亲养育方式中的"惩罚、严厉"[父亲(22.10±4.92)分比(19.40±4.01)分比(17.40±2.51)分，母亲(15.10±3.54)分比(13.70±2.78)分比(12.40±1.97)分]和"拒绝、否认"[父亲(10.60±2.49)分比(9.40±2.06)分比(8.90±1.61)分，母亲(13.90±3.28)分比(12.40±2.64)分比(11.60±2.19)分]因子两个分量表的得分明显高于不伴品行行为问题的ADHD组及健康对照组(均 P<0.001)。在父亲养育方式的"过度保护"因子上，2组ADHD患儿得分均高于健康对照组[(10.30±2.03)分比(9.80±2.13)分比(8.70±1.92)分， P<0.001]；在母亲养育方式的"过分干涉"因子上，伴品行行为问题的ADHD患儿得分明显高于不伴品行行为问题的ADHD组和健康对照组[(36.00±4.64)分比(34.60±4.38)分比(33.30±4.92)分， P＝0.009]。 结论:伴品行行为问题的ADHD患儿中，父母普遍对患儿采用过度严厉的教养方式，更多使用惩罚以及持否认和拒绝的态度。父母的养育方式在一定程度上导致了ADHD患儿品行行为问题的发生。

abstractsObjective:To explore the parenting characteristics of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct problems.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study involving 84 ADHD children with conduct problems and 75 ADHD children without conduct problems treated in the Outpatient Department of Children′s Health and Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from September 2017 to December 2019, and 54 healthy control children (healthy children in ordinary primary and secondary schools in Shenzhen) were included.The Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) scale was used to access the parenting styles of participants. ANCOVA was used to compare the different score of all factors in EMBU among these 3 groups and Tukey′s post-hoc comparisons were also performed.All comparisons were corrected for age and sex. Results:Among the factor scores of EMBU scale, ADHD children with conduct problems scored significantly higher on parental and maternal harsh/punishment [Parental (22.10±4.92) scores vs.(19.40±4.01) scores vs.(17.40±2.51) scores; Maternal (15.10±3.54) scores vs.(13.70±2.78) scores vs.(12.40±1.97) scores] and the reject/deny factors [Parental(10.60±2.49)scores vs.(9.40±2.06)scores vs.(8.90±1.61)scores, Maternal(13.90±3.28)scores vs.(12.40±2.64)scores vs.(11.60±2.19)scores] than ADHD children without conduct problems and the healthy control group (all P<0.001). On parental overprotection factors, both ADHD groups scored higher than the healthy control group [(10.30±2.03) scores vs.(9.80±2.13) scores vs.(8.70±1.92) scores, P<0.001], while on maternal over-interference factor, ADHD children with conduct problem scored significantly higher than ADHD children without conduct problems and the healthy controls [(36.00±4.64) scores vs.(34.60±4.38) scores vs.(33.30±4.92) scores, P=0.009]. Conclusions:Parents of ADHD children with conduct problems tend to use more negative parenting skills like punishment, over-interference, rejection and denial.This kind of negative parenting style, to some extent, causes the conduct problems in children with ADHD.