摘要结核性脑膜炎(TBM)是儿童最常见的重症肺外结核病类型，其临床症状缺乏特异性，病原检出率低，早期诊断困难，且病死率高、发生神经系统后遗症的比例高。在参考国内外儿童结核病和TBM相关文献、指南和专家共识的基础上，结合国内外儿童TBM的诊断进展和临床经验，编写了本专家共识。该共识重点介绍了儿童TBM的临床表现、实验室检查、影像学和病理学检查、临床分级、诊断标准及流程等，旨在提高儿科医师和结核病诊疗人员对儿童TBM的早期识别，加强儿童TBM诊断规范性。

abstractsTuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most common severe extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children.It is characterized by the lacking of specific clinical symptoms, having difficulty in etiological diagnosis, the delay of early diagnosis which resulted in the high mortality and high incidence of neurological sequelae.Based on the reported studies, guidelines and expert consensus on childhood tuberculosis and TBM at home and abroad, the expert consensus was compiled in combination with the diagnosis progress and clinical experience of TBM for children.The consensus focuses on the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging and pathological examinations, clinical grades, diagnostic criteria and procedures, aiming at improving the understanding of childhood TBM among pediatricians and tuberculosis clinicians, and standardization of TBM diagnosis.