摘要真菌是过敏性疾病常见的致敏原之一，可影响儿童过敏性气道疾病的易感性、严重程度以及疾病控制情况。与真菌致敏相关的一系列呼吸系统疾病被描述为过敏性真菌气道疾病(AFAD)，包括真菌致敏相关重度哮喘、变应性支气管肺曲霉菌病、雷暴哮喘及过敏性真菌性鼻－鼻窦炎等。糖皮质激素、生物制剂、抗真菌治疗及免疫治疗可减少AFAD的气道炎症、真菌负担以及组织损伤。现对真菌、真菌致敏的机制和检测以及儿童AFAD的范围和治疗进行介绍，以期提高儿科医师对AFAD的认识。

abstractsFungus is one of common allergens in allergic disease that affects the susceptibility, severity, and disease control of allergic airway disease in children.A spectrum of respiratory diseases associated with fungal sensitization has been described as allergic fungal airway disease (AFAD), including severe asthma with fungal sensitization, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, thunderstorm asthma, and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis.Glucocorticoids, biologics, antifungal therapy, and immunotherapy can reduce the airway inflammation, fungal burden, and tissue damage associated with AFAD.This review introduced fungus, the mechanism of fungal sensitization and the detection, as well as the scope and treatment of AFAD in children, aiming to improve the understanding of AFAD among pediatricians.