摘要综述了危重症儿童中心静脉通路装置发生导管相关性血栓的三方面危险因素，包括患儿自身因素、导管相关因素和外部因素，归纳了加强置管前评估、药物预防、机械预防、控制导管相关的其他并发症发生、进行血栓筛查、运用风险评估模型等预防措施的主要研究进展，为临床早期识别和制订预防措施提供经验，以期减少危重症患儿导管相关性血栓的发生，促进中心静脉通路装置在PICU的安全使用。

abstractsThis paper reviewed three aspects of risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis in critically ill children with central venous access devices, including the child's own factors, catheter-related factors and external factors. It summarized the main research advances of preventive measures such as the strengthen assessment of pre-catheterization, drug and mechanical prevention of thrombosis, control of catheter-related other complications, thrombus screening routinely, risk assessment model is used. It is to provide experience for early clinical identification and formulation of preventive measures, so as to reduce the occurrence of catheter-related thrombosis in critically ill children and promote the central venous access device used safely in PICU.