摘要始基卵泡是哺乳动物整个生殖期限中各级卵泡及卵子发育的源头.始基卵泡的激活既需要卵母细胞内如PI3K-PTEN-AKT-FOXO3、mTORC1及p27Kip1-CDK体系等信号通路的正常激活,也需要一些卵母细胞特异性的分子如Nobox和Sohlh1等的参与,除此之外,始基卵泡周围的前颗粒细胞也发挥巨大作用,其首先在mTORC1等信号通路的调节下分化为立方形颗粒细胞,改变自身形态,启动始基卵泡活化,其次可通过分泌KITL与卵细胞表面KIT结合后激活调节卵细胞生长的关键通路——PI3K信号通路,最终导致卵母细胞生长及始基卵泡的正常激活.了解始基卵泡活化过程有助于阐明卵子发生的分子机制,为女性不孕提供新的治疗靶点.

abstractsPrimordial follicles serve the source of developing follicles and oocytes for the entire reproductive lifespan of the animal.In recent years,more and more molecular mechanisms of the activation of primordial follicles have been elucidated via genetically modified mouse models,in which several molecules and pathways operating in both the somatic primordial follicle granulosa cells (pfGCs) and oocytes,such as the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K-PTEN-AKT-FOXO3),the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC 1) pathways and p27Kipl cyclin dependent kinase systems are included.Furthermore,several factors expressed specifically in oocyte such as Nobox and Sohlhl are also involved in this process.The functional roles of pfGCs in controling the activation of primordial follicles are highlighted in this review,which showed that it firstly experience morphology change from flat to cube via the regulation of mTORC1 pathways,and then secrete KIT ligand (KITL) to combine with KIT receptor on oocyte and launch the activation of PI3K signaling pathways.Those process finally contributes to the activation of primordial follicles.Expounding those mechanisms will contribute to better treatments of female infertility.