摘要微小RNA （microRNA，miRNA）是一类长度在22~25核苷酸的非编码RNA，主要通过与靶基因3’-非翻译区（3’-untranslated region，3’-UTR） 以完全或不完全碱基互补配对的形式结合，进而导致靶基因mRNA的降解或翻译抑制。卵泡是卵巢的主要功能单位，在卵泡发育不同阶段可检测到多个miRNAs的表达，且miRNAs的表达具有时空特异性。研究表明，miRNAs广泛参与原始卵泡募集、优势卵泡选择、颗粒细胞增殖分化、甾体类激素的合成与分泌、卵母细胞成熟、排卵以及黄体形成等卵泡发育的各个环节。此外，miRNAs表达异常与卵巢早衰、多囊卵巢综合征等疾病的发生、发展密切相关。本文探讨miRNAs在卵泡发育中的调控作用，为进一步了解卵巢卵泡发育以及女性相关疾病的诊治提供思路。

abstractsMicroRNA (miRNAs) is a class of non-coding RNA with a length of 22-25 nt. They can bind to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs in the form of complete or incomplete base complementary pairing, causing the degradation or translation inhibition of target mRNAs. Follicles are the functional unit of the ovary. Multiple miRNAs can be detected in different stages of follicular development, and the expression of these microRNAs has a certain temporal and spatial specificity. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in various stages of follicular development, such as primordial follicle recruitment, dominant follicle selection, granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, steroid hormone synthesis and secretion, oocyte maturation, ovulation and luteal formation. In addition, abnormal expression of miRNAs are closely related to the occurrence and development of diseases such as premature ovarian failure and polycystic ovarian syndrome. To further explore the regulatory role of miRNAs in follicular development will provide ideas for further understanding of ovarian follicular development and the diagnosis and treatment of female-related diseases.