摘要哺乳动物睾丸中产生的精子缺乏运动性，而且不具备受精能力，因此在功能上尚不成熟。附睾是男性生殖道中一段非常特别、高度盘绕折叠的小管，附睾各段通过上皮细胞分泌和吸收活动的共同协作用，实现高度区域化，保证不同区段精确的功能划分。精子在附睾近端完成功能上的成熟，在远端以静息状态储存以备射精，这一过程依赖于附睾管腔特殊的微环境。附睾管腔的微环境极为复杂，目前已证实其中含有多种无机离子、蛋白质和胞外囊泡（附睾小体）。附睾小体中包含多种蛋白和sncRNA，可直接或间接促进精子成熟。本文综述了附睾管腔微环境的特点，特别关注了附睾上皮细胞产生的附睾小体对精子成熟的影响。

abstractsThe spermatozoa produced in mammalian testis are functionally immature for lack of fertilizing ability and forward motility properties. Epididymis is a highly specialized and extremely coiled ductal system of the male reproductive tract. The precise division of the function in each segment is achieved by the combined secretary and absorptive activity of the epithelial cells lining each segment. Thus, spermatozoa acquire functional maturity in the proximal segments before being stored in a resting state in the distal segment preparing for ejaculation. Sperm maturation during epididymal transit is reliant on the highly specialized intraluminal microenvironment of the epididymis. The microenvironment of epididymal lumen is extremely complex, and the fluid contains a variety of inorganic ions, proteins and extracellular vesicles (epididymosome). Various components in epididymosome including kinds of proteins and sncRNA play an important role in regulating sperm maturation directly or indirectly. Here, we review the characteristics of microenvironment in the epididymal lumen, with a particular focus on the effects of epididymosome secreted by epididymal epithelial cells on sperm maturation.