摘要多囊卵巢综合征（polycystic ovary syndrome，PCOS）是一种多因素、多基因导致的高度异质性的生殖内分泌代谢紊乱疾病。2022年一项全球性的大型流行病学研究提示，近30年几乎所有国家的PCOS发病率都在增加。许多国家针对国内大多数种族人群的PCOS表型和特点，制定了适合国民的PCOS指南或共识。PCOS国际指南中也提到关注PCOS种族差异并予以针对性诊疗。由于全球地域广博、种族繁多且历史悠久、混杂因素多等原因，目前对PCOS的种族差异没有定论，很难制定全面且有针对性的国际性指南。故本文将对PCOS患病率、遗传基础、高雄激素表现、代谢紊乱、心理并发症的种族差异进行综述，以期为不同种族PCOS患者开展个体化的预防、筛查和诊疗工作提供参考。

abstractsPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly heterogeneous reproductive endocrine and metabolic disorder caused by multiple factors and multiple genes. A large global epidemiological study in 2022 suggested that the incidence of PCOS has increased in almost all countries over the past 30 years. Many countries have developed PCOS guidelines or consensus that are appropriate for the PCOS phenotypes and characteristics of most ethnic groups in the country. International guidelines for PCOS also address racial differences in PCOS and provide targeted treatment. Due to the vast geographical area, diverse ethnic groups, long history and many confounding factors in the world, there is no conclusion on the racial differences of PCOS at present. It is difficult to develop comprehensive and targeted international guidelines. Therefore, this article will review the racial differences in prevalence, genetic basis, hyperandrogen expression, metabolic disorders, and psychological complications of PCOS, in order to provide reference for the individual prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of PCOS patients of different races.