摘要Objective:This study aimed to determine whether the prevalence of thyroid nodules(TNs)increased due to modern lifestyles or other factors,despite the advances in screening and diagnostic tools.Methods:This study included 3474 pairs of participants,who were matched by gender and age(±3 years)from two cross-sectional sampling surveys:(1)the program on the iodine nutritional status and related health status of residents in Shanghai in 2009;(2)the thyroid disease screening program for adults in Shanghai between 2017 and 2018.The prevalence of TNs and thyroid diseases in 2009 and 2017-2018 were compared,and the potential risk factors of TNs were detected.Results:The prevalence of TNs in 2009 was 28.9％:22.5％in males and 34.5％in females.In 2017,this increased to 43.8％:37.9％in males and 49.1％in females.The prevalence of TNs significantly increased from 2009 to 2017(odds ratio,1.486;95％confidence interval,1.238-1.786).In addition,female gender,thyroid disease history,and age were the main risk factors for TNs after adjusting for confounders in the logistic regression across the time period.Conclusion:The prevalence of TNs significantly increased across nearly 10 years in Shanghai.