摘要Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE)is a critical consequence of sepsis,marked by elevated morbidity and fatality rates.An unbalanced inflammatory response is a significant pathogenic mechanism.The blood-brain barrier(BBB)is an essential element of the central nervous system(CNS).Sepsis can impact the BBB and neural networks in multiple ways,especially via microglia,astrocytes,and neurons.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)can participate in the development of various diseases by modulating inflammatory responses,cellular metabolism,and immune cell functions.They not only impact the BBB but also directly influence neurons,affecting the development and prognosis of SAE.This review summarizes the current research status of lncRNAs in SAE,highlights the latest research advances of lncRNAs in sepsis and related diseases,and aims to explore their new application prospects in SAE,offering new targets and methodologies for its diagnosis and therapy.