摘要The presentation of clinical symptoms due to decompression during diving,varies significantly,as mainly minor disturbances for the gastrointestinal tract in particular have been reported.The following case debates whether diving can cause severe symptoms from the gastrointestinal system.We describe a clinical case of ischemic colitis presented in a 27-year-old male,who manifested abdominal pain while in the process of scuba diving 20 meters undersea,followed by bloody diarrhoea as soon as he ascended to sea level.Taking into account his past medical history,the thorough,impeccable clinical and laboratory examinations and presence of no other factors predisposing to ischemia of the colon,we assume that a possible relationship between diving conditions and the pathogenesis of ischemic colitis may exist.This unusual case might represent a hematologic manifestation of decompression sickness,due to increased coagulability and/or transient air emboli,occurring during a routine scuba diving ascent to sea level.