摘要AIM:To assess the efficacy of intramuscular diclofenac and fluid replacement for prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis.METHODS:A prospective,placebo-controlled study was conducted in 80 patients who underwent ERCP.Patients were randomized to receive parenteral diclofenac at a loading dose of 75 mg followed by the infusion of 5-10 mL/kg per hour isotonic saline over 4 h after the procedure,or the infusion of 500 mL isotonic saline as placebo.Patients were evaluated clinically,and serum amylase levels were measured 4,8 and 24 h after the procedure.RESULTS:The two groups were matched for age,sex,underlying disease,ERCP findings,and type of treatment.The overall incidence of pancreatitis was 7.5% in the diclofenac group and 17.5% in the placebo group (12.5% in total).There were no significant differences in the incidence of pancreatitis and other variables between the two groups.In the subgroup analysis,the frequency of pancreatitis in the patients without sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) was significantly lower in the diclofenac group than in the control group (P=0.047).CONCLUSION:Intramuscular diclofenac and fluid replacement lowered the rate of pancreatitis in patients without SOD.