摘要Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles of microRNAs(miRNAs)in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction.In this study,we tested whether a transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)-regulated miRNA played a pivotal role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure(HF).We observed that miR-27b was upregulated in hearts of cardiomyocyte-specific Smad4 knockout mice,which developed cardiac hypertrophy.In vitro experiments showed that the miR-27b expression could be inhibited by TGF-β1 and that its overexpression promoted hypertrophic cell growth,while the miR-27b suppression led to inhibition of the hypertrophic cell growth caused by phenylephrine(PE)treatment.Furthermore,the analysis of transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of miR-27b revealed that miR-27b overexpression was sufficient to induce cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction.We validated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ(PPAR-γ)as a direct target of miR-27b in cardiomyocyte.Consistently,the miR-27b transgenic mice displayed significantly lower levels of PPAR-γ than the control mice.Furthermore,in vivo silencing of miR-27b using a specific antagomir in a pressure-overload-induced mouse model of HF increased cardiac PPAR-γ expression,attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction.The results of our study demonstrate that TGF-β1-regulated miR-27b is involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy,and validate miR-27b as an efficient therapeutic target for cardiac diseases.