摘要目的 了解福建省城区医院、社区护理人员现状及需求,为有针对性地培养医院、社区急需的护理人才提供依据.方法 随机抽取我省、市、县级医院58所,城区社区卫生服务中心(站)71所,对医院护理部主任或副主任、社区卫生服务中心(站)主任进行护理人员现状及需求的问卷调查.结果 我省、市、县级医院医护比为1:1.19,床护比为1:0.55,社区医护比为1:0.94,医院、社区护理人员学历中,中专学历比重最大占54.89%,社区护士的学历结构低于医院(P<0.01);医院、社区招聘大专毕业生的比重最大占43.04%,招聘毕业生学历层次医院比社区高(P<0.01).预计需求大专毕业生数量比重最大占50.32%,预计需求高学历毕业生数量医院比社区多(P<0.01).医院、社区对护理人员职业道德、工作态度、理论知识、操作技能、语言表达、人际沟通、合作协调、健康教育等能力的需求率达90.0%以上.结论 医院、社区的护理人员数量应适当增加,学历层次有待进一步提高.加强专科及以上学历层次护理人才的培养,深化课程改革,培养社会急需的高素质技能型护理人才,以满足医院和社区卫生服务的需求.

abstractsObjective To investigate the current status and requirement of hospital and community nurse in urban district of Fujian Province, and to provide the basis for schools to cultivate needed person.Methods By stratified random sampling, 58 hospitals and 71 community health service centers or stations' directors or vice directors in urban of Fujian were investigated by questionnaires.Results The ratio of hospital doctors to nurses was 1:1.9, and the ratio of hospital sickbeds to nurses was 1:0.55, and the ratio of community doctors to nurses was 1:0.94.The academic degrees makeup of the hospital and community nurse was on the low side, and the technical secondary school's degrees took the largest proportion (54.89% ).The academic degree makeup among community nurses was lower than that among hospital nurses (P <0.01).The hospitals and communities need junior college graduates mostly (43.04% ) , and the hospitals' demanding quantity of high degree graduates was more than communities' (P <0.01).Anticipated demanding quantity of junior college graduates would take the largest proportion (50.32% ) and anticipated hospitals' demanding quantity of high degree graduates would be larger than communities' (P < 0.01 ).90% of the questioned hospitals and communities demand their paramedic persons with good capabilities of professional ethics, working attitude, theoretic knowledge, operation skill, language performance, interpersonal communication, harmonious cooperation, health education etc.Conclusions The quantity of the hospitals and communities nurses will be increased properly.The nurse of the academic and higher degrees needs to be improved.We should speed up to cultivate the person with specialty of nursing capabilities, further the reform of courses, and bring up the highly qualified and skillful paramedic persons to meet the urgent needs of the community, and to fulfill the demands of hospitals and communities sanitation service.