摘要目的 评价发面外敷法在护理产妇产后乳房充血期胀痛的效果.方法 选择产后乳房充血期胀痛的产妇,采用抽签法随机分为实验组109例和对照组123例,实验组使用发面外敷法护理,对照组使用按摩法护理,比较两组产妇减痛效果、护理时间、产妇接受程度、乳房硬度的改善程度和乳腺管通畅程度等指标.结果 在护理过程中,实验组有33.02％感到疼痛明显减轻；27.52％感到疼痛减轻,对照组仅有12.19％感到疼痛减轻,58.54％感到疼痛加剧,两组比较差异有统计学意义(u=10.317,P＜0.01).护理后,实验组有81.65％感到疼痛明显减轻,13.76％感到疼痛减轻；对照组有18.70％感到疼痛明显减轻,50.41％感到疼痛减轻,16.26％感到疼痛加剧,两组比较差异有统计学意义(u=9.356,P＜0.01).护士操作时间实验组平均需要(28.4±4.1)min,对照组平均需要(98.3±11.2)min,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.069,P＜0.01)；乳房硬度改善程度,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).实验组79.82％乳腺通畅,18.35％较通畅,1.83％不通畅；对照组47.97％通畅,35.77％较通畅,16.26％不通畅,两组比较差异有统计学意义(u=5.258,P＜0.01).结论 发面外敷法具有减痛、通乳效果好,护理时间短,产妇乐于接受等优点,是一种较好的护理产后乳房充血期胀痛的方法.

abstractsObjective To evaluate the effect of external application of fermented flour on postpartum patients with engorgement and gas pains of breasts.Methods Totals of 109 postpartum cases with engorgement and gas pains of breasts in experimental group received external application using fermented flour,while 123 cases in control group received massage (clinical routine),then pain relieve,caring time,acceptable degree,breasts hardness and unobstructed degree of mammary gland during two groups were observed and compared.Results During intervention,in experimental group 33.02％ patients felt pain significantly relieved and 27.52％ felt pain relieved,onlyl2.19％ patients felt pain relieved and 58.54％ patients felt pain aggravated in control group,and the difference was statistically significant ( u =10.317,P ＜ 0.01 ).After intervention,81.65％ patients felt pain significantly relieved and 13.76％ felt pain relieved in experimental group,and 18.70％ patients felt pain significantly relieved,50.41％ patients felt pain relieved and16.26％ patients felt pain aggravated in control group,and the difference was statistically significant( u=9.356,P ＜0.01 ).The average time of nursing operation in experimental group was ( 28.4 ± 4.1 ) min significantly shorter than (98.3 ± 11.2 )min in control group ( t =8.069,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was no significant difference on the breasts hardness improvement(P ＞ 0.05). In experimental group 79.82％ patients' mammary gland completely unobstructed,18.35％ patients less unobstructed and 1.83％ patients obstructed,while that in control respectively was 47.97％,35.77％,16.26％,and the difference was statistically significant ( u =5.258,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions External application of fermented flour has many advantages such as relieve pain well,unblock mammary gland,save the caring time and easier be accepted and so on.So,it is a favorable nursing care method for postpartum patients with engorgement and gas pains of breasts.