摘要目的 调查精神分裂症康复期住院患者感知病耻感状况,探讨其相关因素.方法 采用贬低-歧视感知量表和病耻感经历问卷对170例康复期精神分裂症患者进行调查.结果 共发放资料170份,收回有效问卷163份,有效回收率95.5％.163例精神分裂症康复期住院患者的病耻感经历总分均数为(39.24±4.76),病耻因子分为(20.34±3.07),歧视因子分为(18.87±2.03).贬低-歧视感知状况得分为(2.63±0.37),与量表中点2.50比较差异具有统计学意义(t=4.45,P＜0.01).≤35岁患者贬低-歧视感知得分为(2.83±0.40),病耻感经历总分为(45.31±14.36),病耻因子分为(23.69±8.58),＞35岁患者贬低-歧视感知得分为(2.58±0.34),病耻感经历总分为(39.55±12.50),病耻因子分为(20.46±7.80),不同年龄患者比较差异均有统计学意义(t分别为3.43,2.19,1.99；P＜0.05)；不同婚姻、职业、病程、住院次数的患者,贬低-歧视感知状况得分差异有统计学意义(t分别为,15.67,2.55,2.17,2.53；P＜0.01或P＜0.05)；不同病程的患者病耻经历总分差异有统计学意义(t=2.50,P＜0.05)；不同职业、月收入的患者病耻感因子分差异有统计学意义(F分别为2.47,3.82；P＜0.05)；不同的病程的患者歧视因子分差异有统计学意义(t =2.61,P＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症康复期住院患者有较高的感知病耻感和病耻感经历,提示精神卫生干预应针对患者的具体情况,进行及时干预.

abstractsObjective To investigate the status as well as factors of stigma of schizophrenics in hospital during recovery period.Methods Depreciation-discrimination perception scale and stigma experience questionnaire were used to investigate 170 schizophrenics during recovery period.Results 163 out of 170 questionnaires were available and the response rate was 95.5％.The average point of 163 schizophrenics' stigma experience was ( 39.24 ± 4.76 ),stigma factor was ( 20.34 ± 3.07 ),and discrimination factor was ( 18.87 ±2.03 ).The scorc of depreciation and discrimination perception was ( 2.63 ± 0.37 ),and the differences were statistically significant compared to the middle point 2.50 of the scale ( t =4.45,P ＜ 0.0l ).For schizophrenics under or at the age of 35,the score of depreciation and discrimination perception was (2.83 ±0.40),the stigma experience score was (45.31± 14.36 )and the stigma factor was (23.69 ± 8.58 ) ; while for schizophrenics older than 35,the score of depreciation and discrimination perception was (2.58 ±0.34),the stigma experience score was (39.55 ± 12.50 ) and the stigma factor was ( 20.46 ± 7.80),and the differences between different ages were statistically significant (t =3.43,2.19,1.99,respectively; P＜0.05 ).Besides,differences of the stigma experience score between patients of different marriage status,occupations,courses of disease,and hospitalization times were statistically significant ( t =15.67,2.55,2.17,2.53,respectively; P＜0.01and P ＜ 0.05 ).Differences of the stigma experience score between patients of different courses of disease were statistically significant ( t =2.50,P ＜ 0.05 ),differences of the stigma factor between patients of different occupations or monthly income were statistically significant ( F =2.47,3.82,respectively; P ＜ 0.05 ),and differences of the discrimination factor between patients of different courses of disease were also statistically significant (t =2.61,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Schizophrenics in hospital during recovery period have a relatively high degree of stigma perception and stigma experience,which suggests that mental health intervention measures should be done promptly according to the specific condition of the patients.