摘要目的 探讨渐进性肌肉放松训练对围术期乳腺癌患者焦虑、抑郁和生活质量的影响,为提高护理质量提供依据.方法 2015年1月—2016年6月采用便利抽样法选取西安交通大学第一附属医院及西安市第五医院围术期的乳腺癌患者400例为研究对象,按随机数字表分为试验组(n=200)和对照组(n=200),对照组患者给予常规护理,试验组患者在常规护理基础上进行5周的渐进性肌肉放松训练,采用乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表(FACT-B)、SAS与SDS分别在入院第1天及干预后第5周后测评研究对象的生活质量、抑郁及焦虑变化情况.结果 干预前两组患者生活质量总评分、各个维度评分、焦虑、抑郁评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).经过5周的渐进性肌肉放松训练,干预后试验组生活质量总分为(107.68±5.48)分,对照组为(97.14±9.98)分,差异有统计学意义(t=13.017,P<0.01);干预后试验组焦虑、抑郁评分分别为(38.45±4.91)、(38.32±4.61)分,低于对照组的(48.24±7.01)、(50.24±4.24)分,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为36.629、18.585;P<0.01).结论 渐进性肌肉放松训练能有效改善围术期乳腺癌患者的生活质量,缓解其抑郁与焦虑等不良心理状态,渐进性肌肉放松训练应广泛应用到乳腺癌患者的术后康复护理中.

abstractsObjective To explore the effects of progressive muscle relaxation training (PMRT) on depression,anxiety and quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients during perioperative period,so as to provide references for improving nursing quality.Methods A total of 400 breast cancer patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University and Xi'an No.5 Hospital were selected as the research object by convenience sampling method from January 2015 to June 2016. They were divided into the experimental group (n=200,routine nursing + PMRT for five weeks) and the control group (n=200,routine nursing). The QOL,depression and anxiety of patients were evaluated by the functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast (FACT-B),self-rating anxiety scale (SAS),self-rating depression scale (SDS) on the first day after admission and at the fifth week after intervention.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the total score and scores of all dimensions of QOL,the score of anxiety and depression between two groups before intervention (P>0.05).AfterPMRT for five weeks,the total score of QOL was (107.68±5.48) in the experimental group which was higher than that (97.14±9.98) in the control group with a significant difference (t=13.017,P<0.01). Moreover,the scores of anxiety and depression [(38.45±4.91),(38.32±4.61)] in the experimental group were lower than those [(48.24±7.01),(50.24±4.24)] in the control group with significant differences (t=36.629, 18.585;P<0.01).ConclusionsThePMRT can effectively improve the QOL of breast cancer patients during perioperative period,relieve the unhealthy mental state on anxiety,depression and so on.ThePMRT should be widely applied in rehabilitation nursing in breast cancer patients after operation.