摘要目的:明确影响健康跨期决策的关键个体因素，并构建解释结构模型，分析各因素间的逻辑关系，为作出健康跨期决策提供干预的靶点。方法:通过文献回顾和专家讨论明确影响健康跨期决策的个体因素，运用解释结构模型分析因素间的层级关系及类别分布。结果:建立了包含3个层级、8个要素的递阶结构模型，其类别分布为独立组、关联组和依赖组。个体的受教育水平和经济水平是底层根本因素，且二者相互影响，同属于独立组。个体的健康认知、健康状况、自我控制、情绪状态是中层间接因素，其中自我控制既受到健康状况的影响，又作用于情绪状态和健康认知，而健康认知又继而影响到自身的健康状况，同属于关联组。未来时间知觉和未来情境预期是顶层直接因素，二者间相互影响，同属于依赖组。结论:受教育水平、经济水平、健康认知、健康状况、自我控制、情绪状态、未来时间知觉和未来情境预期是影响健康跨期决策的个体因素，且存在自下而上的内在关联。理清各因素间的作用路径，将有助于针对个体状况进行针对性干预，促使做出正确的健康跨期决策。

abstractsObjective:To identify the key individual factors influencing intertemporal health decision-making and construct an interpretive structural model to analyze the logical relationships between these factors, providing intervention targets for making health-related intertemporal decisions.Methods:Through literature review and expert discussion, individual factors influencing health intertemporal decision-making were identified. The interpretive structural model and cross-impact matrix multiplication method were used to analyze the hierarchical relationships and category distribution among these factors.Results:A hierarchical structural model consisting of three levels and eight elements was established, with category distribution including independent, associated, and dependent groups. Education level and economic status were identified as fundamental factors at the bottom level, influencing each other and belonging to the independent group. Health cognition, health status, self-control, and emotional state were middle-level indirect factors. Self-control was influenced by health status and also affected emotional state and health cognition, while health cognition, in turn, influenced health status, placing these factors in the associated group. Future time perception and future situational expectations were direct factors at the top level, influencing each other and belonging to the dependent group.Conclusions:Education level, economic status, health cognition, health status, self-control, emotional state, future time perception, and future situational expectations are individual factors influencing intertemporal health decision-making, with an inherent relationship from bottom to top. Clarifying the pathways between these factors will help to provide targeted interventions based on individual conditions, promoting correct health intertemporal decision-making.