摘要目的:比较荧光染色法和KOH湿片法在浅表真菌感染中的诊断价值。方法:收集2019年10月至2020年10月广东省妇幼保健院皮肤科临床拟诊为皮肤浅表真菌感染的673例患者的标本，分别采用荧光染色法和KOH湿片法进行真菌直接镜检，比较两种方法的诊断阳性率及平均阅片时间。结果:荧光染色法总阳性率为91.23%，高于KOH湿片法的79.20%（ P<0.05），总平均阅片时间为（73.00±7.95）s，低于KOH湿片法的（89.62±9.41）s（ P<0.05）；荧光染色法在念珠菌性尿布皮炎、手足癣、体股癣、甲癣、头癣、花斑癣各病种中的诊断阳性率均高于KOH湿片法（均 P<0.05），荧光染色法在各病种中的平均阅片时间均低于KOH湿片法（均 P<0.05）。 结论:荧光染色法有良好的染色效果，是较KOH湿片法更快速、准确的真菌镜检方法，操作简单，易于常握，值得临床推广应用。

abstractsObjective:To compare the diagnostic value between fluorescent staining and potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet-mount in superficial fungal infections.Methods:Specimens were collected from 673 patients clinically diagnosed with superficial fungal infections of the skin in Department of Dermatology, Guangdong Maternal and Children’s Healthcare Center between October 2019 and October 2020. Fluorescence staining and the KOH wet-mount were used for direct microscopy of fungus. The positive yield and the mean slide reading time were compared between the two methods.Results:Overall, the positive yield by fluorescence staining was 91.23%, which was higher than that (79.20%) by KOH wet-mount ( P<0.05) ; the mean slide reading time was (73.00±7.95) s by fluorescence staining, which was shorter than (89.62±9.41) s by KOH wet-mount ( P<0.05) . The positive yields for candida diaper dermatitis, tinea manuum/pedis, tinea corporis/crusis, tinea unguium, tinea capitis, and pityriasis versicolor were higher by fluorescence staining compared with KOH wet-mount (all P<0.05) , and the mean slide reading time in any of these conditions was shorter by fluorescent staining than by KOH wet-mount (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:Fluorescence staining, with satisfactory staining capability, can be a faster and more accurate approach for use in fungal microscopy compared with KOH wet-mount. Moreover, it is easy to learn and use, and thus warrants widespread application in clinical settings.