摘要目的:评价射干麻黄汤联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）的有效性和安全性。方法:本研究遵循PRISMA Checklist，PROSPERO注册ID：CRD42022358795。通过计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、Web of science、CNKI、维普、万方、CBMdise数据库，纳入有关射干麻黄汤联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿CVA的随机对照试验(RCT)。检索时间为2011年1月至2021年8月。由两名独立评价员分别选择试验并且评价质量。提取有效信息后，根据Cochrane系统评价方法，使用Review Manager 5.4软件对整体有效性和安全性进行分析。结果:共纳入27个临床对照试验研究，收集到病例2602例，其中实验组（射干麻黄汤与孟鲁司特钠联用）1301例，对照组（孟鲁司特钠）1301例。荟萃分析结果表明，实验组可提高总有效率，缩短咳嗽消失时间，减少不良反应发生，减少复发，改善肺功能中第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、呼气流量峰值（PEF）水平。结论:射干麻黄汤加减联合孟鲁司特钠治疗小儿CVA具有更好的疗效和安全性，可改善肺功能，改善程度可能与疗程及年龄相关。研究结论还需更多的高质量、多中心、大样本RCT加以验证。

abstractsObjective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Modified Shegan Mahuang Decoction combined with Montelukast sodium as a treatment of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children via a meta-analysis.Methods:The PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, VIP, WangFang, and CBMdise databases were searched on web for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on modified Shegan Mahuang Decoction as a treatment of CVA in children. The time limit of the search was from January 2011 to August 2021. The hits of literature search were selected and assessed for quality by two independent reviewers. After extraction of valid data, the overall efficacy and safety of treatment were analyzed using Review Manager 5.4 software according to the guidelines of Cochrane systematic review.Results:A total of 27 RCTs were included, covering 2602 patients with 1301 in the study group (Shegan Mahuang Decoction combined with Montelukast sodium) and 1301 in the control group (Monelukast sodium) . As shown by the meta-analysis, in the study group, CVA children on several treatment courses experienced improvement in overall efficacy, shorter time to relief and resolution of cough, lower incidence of adverse reactions including digestive tract symptoms, lethargy, dizziness, and urticaria, less relapse of CVA, higher levels of FEV1, FVC, and PEF in pulmonary function test.Conclusion:Shegan Mahuang Decoction combined with Montelukast sodium offers better clinical efficacy and safety as a treatment for CVA in children. The treatment improves lung function. Although these improvements seem related to the treatment course and the children’s age, more high-quality, multi-center RCTs with large sample size are needed to verify our findings.