摘要目的:评价经鼻持续气道正压通气(nasal continuous positive airway pressure，NCPAP)治疗先天性气道狭窄合并重症肺炎的有效性及安全性。方法:单中心回顾性临床研究，选取5年间入住首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院PICU、入院后48 h内采用NCPAP治疗先天性气道狭窄合并肺炎的患儿为研究对象。收集患儿的基线资料、临床表现、生命体征、动脉血气、临床转归及NCPAP使用时间和不良反应。结果:共64例患儿纳入本研究，有效组58例，无效组6例。NCPAP治疗5年总有效率为90.6%(58/64)，有效组63.8%的患儿在3～7 d撤机，平均撤机时间6.09 d。有效组NCPAP治疗后早期心率、PaCO 2较治疗前明显下降，pH、PaO 2较治疗前明显上升，差异有统计学意义( P均<0.05)。无效组共6例患儿，最终均改为气管插管有创通气治疗。两组患儿存活率均为100%。所有入选患儿无不良反应或并发症发生。 结论:NCPAP可有效改善先天性气道狭窄合并重症肺炎患儿的氧合，且有效率高、安全性好。

abstractsObjective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nasal continuous positive airway pressure(NCPAP) in the treatment of congenital airway stenosis with severe pneumonia.Methods:A single-center retrospective clinical study was used to select children with congenital airway stenosis and pneumonia who were admitted to PICU of Beijing Children′s Hospital of Capital Medical University during 5 years and treated with NCPAP within 48 hours after admission.The baseline data, clinical manifestations, vital signs, arterial blood gas, clinical outcomes, NCPAP use time and adverse reactions were collected.Results:A total of 64 children were included in this study, with 58 cases in the effective group and six cases in the ineffective group.The total effective rate of NCPAP was 90.6% (58/64) during 5 years.In the effective group, 63.8% patients were weaned in three to seven days, with an average weaning time of 6.09 days.In the effective group, the heart rate and PaCO 2 after NCPAP treatment were significantly lower than that before treatment, and pH and PaO 2 were significantly higher than that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). A total of six patients in the ineffective group were finally changed to tracheal intubation and invasive ventilation.The survival rate of both groups was 100%.All cases had no adverse reactions or complications. Conclusion:NCPAP can effectively improve the oxygenation in children with congenital airway stenosis and severe pneumonia, with high efficiency and good safety.