摘要感染是儿童肾病综合征最常见的并发症，重症感染是预后不良的重要因素，尤其在合并肺孢子菌、水痘感染时，往往急剧进展，危及生命。由于长期应用糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂，肾病综合征患儿合并感染时临床表现常不典型，易造成延误。因此，在临床工作中应重视病史询问，仔细查体，综合分析相关化验检查，尽早明确诊断、积极治疗。同时肾病综合征患儿也应加强日常卫生管理，预防感染发生。

abstractsInfection is the most common complication of nephrotic syndrome in children.Serious infection leads to poor prognosis, and always deteriorates rapidly, especially in the infection of pneumocystis jeroveci and varicella.For the long-term use of steroid and immunosuppressor, patients with infection always have atypical clinical symptoms and the correct diagnosis is liable to be delayed.Therefore, it′s important to be well aware of medical histories, physical signs and associated laboratory tests.Timely control of infection and protection of renal function are the main principles of treatment in the children with nephrotic syndrome and serious infection.Meanwhile, daily health management should be strengthened for the patients to prevent the occurrence of infection.