摘要目的 探讨影响腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术围术期并发症的危险因素,以及体型对该手术方式近期疗效的影响.方法 采用回顾性病例对照研究方法 .收集2016年3月至2018年11月国内8家医疗中心收治的506例(厦门大学附属第一医院143例,青海大学附属医院66例,温州医科大学附属第二医院66例,厦门大学附属中山医院64例,浙江大学医学院附属杭州市第一人民医院54例,福建医科大学附属漳州市医院48例,福建医科大学附属泉州第一医院35例,厦门医学院附属第二医院30例)行腹腔镜远端胃癌根治与D2淋巴结清扫术患者的临床病理资料;男328例,女178例;平均年龄为60岁,年龄范围为24～ 85岁.患者术前影像学检查指标:脐水平最大腹壁厚度(USCF)、经脐部腹腔最大前后径(UAPD)、经脐部腹腔最大左右径(UTD)、经剑突最高点腹腔最大前后径(XAPD)、经剑突最高点腹腔最大左右径(XTD)、腹壁至腹腔动脉根部腹腔最大前后径(CAD)、经腹腔动脉根部腹腔左右径(CATD).观察指标:(1)术中和术后情况.(2)随访情况.(3)影响围术期并发症发生的危险因素分析.(4)体型相关各项指标对术中情况和术后恢复的影响:①Pearson单因素相关性分析.②线性回归模型分析.采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,了解患者术后生存情况、肿瘤复发转移情况.随访时间截至2018年12月.正态分布的计量资料以Mean±SD表示,偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示.计数资料比较采用x2检验,等级资料比较采用Mann-Whitney U非参数检验.采用Logistic回归分析影响腹腔镜远端胃癌手术围术期并发症发生的危险因素.采用Pearson单因素相关性分析,采用线性回归模型评估各体型因素对术中情况及术后恢复的影响.结果 (1)术中和术后情况:506例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术,消化道重建:Billroth Ⅰ式吻合103例,Billroth Ⅱ式吻合140例,Billroth Ⅱ+Braun吻合201例,Roux-en-Y吻合62例.506例患者手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目分别为(233±44) min、(102±86) mL、(34±13)枚;术后首次肛门排气时间、术后首次进食流质食物时间、术后首次进食半流质食物时间、术后住院时间分别为(3.6±1.5)d、(5.8±3.3)d、(8.3±3.8)d、(12.2±5.7)d.506例患者术后病理学分期:Ⅰ期196例,Ⅱ期122例,Ⅲ期188例.506例患者中,93例(106例次)发生围术期并发症,其中肺部及上呼吸道感染33例次、切口感染12例次、吻合口漏11例次、腹腔感染11例次、肠梗阻8例次、胃瘫8例次、腹腔出血6例次、菌血症5例次、吻合口出血3例次、淋巴液漏3例次、胰液漏2例次、泌尿系感染1例次、吻合口狭窄1例次、下肢深静脉血栓1例次、肺栓塞1例次;其中Clavien-DindoⅢ级及以上并发症11例.同一患者可合并多种并发症.(2)随访情况:506例患者中,465例获得随访,随访时间为1～32个月,中位随访时间为12个月,451例术后生存,38例肿瘤复发转移.(3)影响围术期并发症发生的危险因素分析.①单因素分析结果显示:患者年龄、体质量指数、术前血红蛋白、术前血清白蛋白、XAPD与腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术患者围术期并发症的发生有关(x2=10.289,7.427,5.269,5.481,4.285,P＜0.05).②多因素分析结果显示:患者年龄、体质量指数、术前血清白蛋白是腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术患者围术期并发症发生的独立影响因素(优势比=1.033,1.118,0.937,95％可信区间为1.011～1.057,1.025～1.219,0.887～0.990,P＜0.05).(4)体型相关各项指标对术中情况和术后恢复的影响.①Pearson单因素相关性分析结果显示:UAPD、XAPD、CAD、CATD与术中出血量均相关(r=0.107,0.169,0.179,0.106,P＜0.05),UAPD、XAPD、CAD与淋巴结清扫数目均相关(r=-0.137,-0.143,-0.173,P＜0.05),USCF、XAPD与术后首次肛门排气时间均相关(r=0.122,0.109,P＜0.05),USCF、XAPD、CAD与术后首次进食流质食物时间均相关(r=0.132,0.108,0.132,P＜0.05),USCF、XAPD与术后住院时间均相关(r=0.116,0.100,P＜0.05).②线性回归模型分析结果显示:CAD与术中出血量呈线性正相关(r=6.776)、与淋巴结清扫数目呈线性负相关(r=-0.841),均有统计学意义(t=2.410,-1.992,P＜0.05).USCF与术后首次肛门排气时间(r=0.170)、术后首次进食流质食物时间(r=0.365)、术后住院时间均呈线性正相关(r=0.636),均有统计学意义(t=2.188,1.981,2.107,P＜0.05).结论 腹部体型将影响腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术患者的术中及术后恢复情况,但并不增加其围术期并发症发生的风险.年龄、体质量指数及术前血清白蛋白水平是腹腔镜远端胃癌根治术围术期并发症发生的独立影响因素.

abstractsObjective To investigate the risk factors of perioperative complications of laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy and influence of body shape on the short-term therapeutic effects.Methods The retrospective case-control study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 506 patients (328 males and 178 females,average age 60 years with the range of 24-85 years) who underwent laparoscopic radical distal gastrectomy+D2 lymph nodes dissection in the 8 clinical centers between March 2016 and November 2018 were collected,including 143 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,66 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University,66 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,64 in the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University,54 in the Affiliated Hangzhou First people's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,48 in the Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,35 in the Affiliated Quanzhou First Hospital of Fujian Medical University,30 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College.The maximum thickness of subcutaneous fat at the level of umbilicus (USCF),the maximum vertical distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the umbilicus (UAPD),the maximum horizontal distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the umbilicus (UTD),the maximum verticaldistance between the anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the xiphoid bone (XAPD),the maximum horizontal distance between the.anterior abdominal skin and the back skin at the level of the xiphoid bone (XTD),the distance between the anterior abdominal skin and the root of celiac artery (CAD) and the maximum horizontal distance at a right angle to CAD (CATD) were measured using preoperative imaging examinations.Observation indicators:(1) intraoperative and postoperative situations;(2) follow-up situations;(3) risk factors analysis of perioperative complications;(4) influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery:① Pearson univariate correlation analysis,② liner regression model analysis.Followup using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the postoperative survival and tumor recurrence or metastasis up to December 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD.Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Comparisons of count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Comparisons of ordinal data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test.Risk factors of perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were analyzed by Logistic regression model.Influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery was analyzed by Pearson univariate correlation analysis and liner regression model.Results (1) Intraoperative and postoperative situations:all the 506 patients underwent successful laparoscopic distal gastrectomy,including 103 with Billroth Ⅰ anastomosis,140 with Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis,201 with Billroth Ⅱ + Braun anastomosis,62 with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.The operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,number of lymph nodes dissected,time to postoperative anal exsufflation,time for initial fluid diet intake,time for initial semi-fluid diet intake and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (233±44)minutes,(102±86)mL,34±13,(3.6±1.5)days,(5.8±3.3)days,(8.3±3.8)days,(12.2±5.7)days respectively in the 506 patients.Of 506 patients,196 were defined as pathological stage Ⅰ,122 were defined as pathological stage Ⅱ and 188 were defined as pathological stage Ⅲ postoperatively.Of 506 patients,93 had 106 times of perioperative complications,including 33 times of pulmonary and upper respiratory infection,12 times of incisional infection,11 times of anastomotic leakage,11 times of abdominal infection,8 times of intestinal obstruction,8 times of gastroplegia,6 times of abdominal hemorrhage,5 times of bacteremia,3 times of anastomotic hemorrhage,3 times of lymph fluid leakage,2 times of pancreatic leakage,1 time of urinary infection,1 time of anatomotic stenosis,1 time of deep venous thrombosis and 1 time of pulmonary embolism;the same patient can merge multiple complications.Eleven patients were in the Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ Ⅲ.(2) Follow-up situations:465 of 506 patients were followed up for 1-32 months with a median time of 12 months.During the follow-up,451 had postoperative survival and 38 had tumor recurrence or metastasis.(3) Risk factors analysis of perioperative complications.① Results of univariate analysis showed that age,body mass index (BMI),preoperative hemoglobin,preoperative serum albumin and XAPD were related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (x2 =10.289,7.427,5.269,5.481,4.285,P＜ 0.05).② Results of multivariate analysis showed that age,BMI,preoperative serum albumin were independent related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (odds ratio =1.033,1.118,0.937,95％ interval confidence:1.011-1.057,1.025-1.219,0.887-0.990,P＜0.05).(4) Influence of body shape related indexes on intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery.① Results of Pearson univariate correlation analysis showed correlations between UAPD,XAPD,CAD,CATD and volume of intraoperative blood loss (r=0.107,0.169,0.179,0.106,P＜0.05),between UAPD,XAPD,CAD and the number of lymph nodes dissected (r=-0.137,-0.143,-0.173,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD and time to postoperative anal exsufflation (r =0.122,0.109,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD,CAD and time for initial fluid diet intake (r=0.132,0.108,0.132,P＜0.05),between USCF,XAPD and duration of postoperative hospital stay (r=0.116,0.100,P＜0.05).② Results of liner regression model analysis showed a positive correlation between CAD and volume of intraoperative blood loss (r =6.776),a negative correlation between CAD and the number of lymph nodes dissected (r =-0.841),with statistically significant differences (t =2.410,-1.992,P＜ 0.05);a positive correlation between USCF and time to postoperative anal exsufflation (r=0.170),between USCF and time for initial fluid diet intake (r=0.365),between USCF and duration of postoperative hospital stay (r=0.636) respectively,with statisticallysignificant differences (t =2.188,1.981,2.107,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Abdominal shape can influence intraoperative situations and postoperative recovery of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy,but cannot increase risks ofperioperative complications.Age,BMI and preoperative serum albumin are independent related factors affecting perioperative complications of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.