摘要Intensive dairying has diminished infectious disease resistance in dairy cattle and increased the risk of disorders affect-ing milk quality and productive life.Development of novel health monitoring technologies,optimization of disease treatment protocols using novel biomarkers,and development of antibiotic substitutes are necessary to further enhance the productivity of dairy cattle.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are key mediators of cellular communication and are essential for maintaining intracellular homeostasis and regulating various physiological and pathological pro-cesses.Establishing a network of mechanisms by which EVs regulate physiological processes in dairy cattle will con-tribute to the development of new technologies for early disease diagnosis and disease treatment.This review sum-marizes the molecular characterization and advances in the study of EVs in dairy cattle and focuses on the reported mechanisms of action.Prospects and limitations for the application of EVs in monitoring health status,disease treat-ment and assisted reproduction are discussed.